ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which of the following symptoms is most likely to improve with dietary modifications in gastrointestinal disorders?

1. Acute abdominal pain

2. Chronic diarrhea

3. Severe constipation

4. Rectal bleeding

The correct answer is: Chronic diarrhea

Chronic diarrhea is often associated with dietary factors, and modifying one's diet can lead to significant improvements in symptoms. In many gastrointestinal disorders, certain foods may trigger or exacerbate diarrhea, such as lactose in lactose-intolerant individuals or specific fibers in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). By identifying and eliminating these trigger foods, individuals can often achieve better control over their bowel movements and reduce the frequency and severity of diarrhea. Dietary modifications can include implementing a low-FODMAP diet, increasing fiber intake with appropriate types of fiber, or avoiding specific irritants like caffeine or fatty foods. This targeted approach can lead to an improvement in symptoms for many patients. The other options provided are generally less responsive to dietary modifications. Acute abdominal pain may stem from various causes, including inflammatory conditions or peptic ulcers, which may not be significantly affected by dietary changes. Severe constipation could potentially improve with dietary fiber changes, but it often requires a multifaceted approach, including hydration and possibly medication. Rectal bleeding is a sign of underlying conditions that usually require medical evaluation and treatment rather than dietary adjustments alone.